Aile üyeleri ve geçmişte-bugün günlük rutinleri, aile hobileri (spor ve filmler), dünyadan farklı ev ve aile türleri; Past Simple (düzenli ve düzensiz fiiller, olumsuz ve soru); used to ile geçmişteki alışkanlık ve durumlar; could / couldn’t ve was / were able to ile geçmişteki yetenekler; geçmiş ve bugünün karşılaştırılması.
Families and homes around the world
Reading – Then and now:
“My grandparents lived in a stone house in a village near Kastamonu. My grandfather used to get up at 5 to feed the animals, and my grandmother used to bake bread in a wood oven. There was no TV, so in the evenings the whole family used to sit together and tell stories. Today we live in a flat in Ankara. We don’t share chores the same way, but every Sunday we have breakfast together.”
Types of houses: a detached house, a semi-detached house, a flat / an apartment, a cottage, a villa, a houseboat, a tiny house, a yurt, an igloo
Types of families: nuclear family, extended family, single-parent family, step-family
Chores: do the laundry, do the dishes, vacuum the carpet, take out the rubbish, water the plants
Past Simple
Completed actions in the past (yesterday, last week, in 1990, two years ago, when I was a child)
| Example | |
|---|---|
| Regular verbs (-ed) | play → played, live → lived, stop → stopped, study → studied |
| Irregular verbs | go → went, have → had, make → made, buy → bought, see → saw |
| Negative | We didn’t have a dishwasher. (didn’t + V1) |
| Question | Did your father play football? – Yes, he did. |
| be | was / were: My mum was a volleyball player. |
Pronunciation of -ed: /t/ (watched, cooked) · /d/ (played, lived) · /ɪd/ (wanted, needed)
Used to and past abilities
used to + V1: Geçmişte olup artık olmayan alışkanlık ve durumlar
- My dad used to watch black-and-white films. (alışkanlık)
- We used to live in Trabzon. (durum)
- Negative: I didn’t use to like vegetables.
- Question: Did you use to have a pet?
⚠️ used to yalnızca geçmiş içindir; şimdiki alışkanlık için Present Simple kullanılır.
Past abilities:
- could / couldn’t (genel yetenek): My grandmother could knit beautiful sweaters.
- was/were able to (belirli bir durumda başarma): The roads were icy, but we were able to reach the village.
- couldn’t = wasn’t able to: I couldn’t ride a bike until I was ten.
| In the past (used to) | Now (Present Simple) |
|---|---|
| People used to write letters. | People send messages. |
| Families used to watch one TV. | Everyone has a screen. |
| Children used to play in the street. | Children play in parks or online. |
Kavramlar
- extended family
- geniş aile
- chore
- ev işi
- detached house
- müstakil ev
- to bake
- fırında pişirmek
- step-family
- üvey aile
- Past Simple: geçmişte tamamlanmış eylemler
- Olumsuz ve soruda did + V1
- -ed telaffuzu: /t/, /d/, /ɪd/
- used to: artık olmayan geçmiş alışkanlık
- didn’t use to / Did you use to…?
- could: genel yetenek; was able to: belirli başarı
Örnek soru ve çözümü
Rewrite with “used to”: “When my mother was young, she played the piano every day, but she doesn’t play now.”
My mother used to play the piano every day.
Çözümlü örnekler
1. Past form of “buy”? Kolay
Çözümbought.
2. Make it negative: “We used to have a car.” Orta
ÇözümWe didn’t use to have a car.
3. Which is correct and why? “He could escape from the fire.” / “He was able to escape from the fire.” Zor
Çözümİkincisi: belirli bir olayda başarıyı anlatırken olumlu cümlede “was able to” kullanılır.
Sık yapılan hatalar
- “didn’t used to” yazmak (doğrusu didn’t use to).
- Past Simple sorusunda fiili ikinci hâliyle kullanmak (Did you went ✗).
- used to’yu şimdiki alışkanlık için kullanmak.
Biliyor muydun?
In Mongolia, many families still live in gers (yurts) that can be taken down and moved in just a few hours — perfect for a nomadic life!