Sınıf içi öğrenme etkinlikleri, öğrenme stilleri ve teknolojiyle öğrenme; will ve be going to ile tahmin ve plan; must ve have to ile zorunluluk, mustn’t ve don’t have to farkı; should ve had better ile tavsiye; dönüşlü zamirler (myself, yourself…); could/would/may ile kibar istekler; may/might ile olasılık; iyelik yapıları.
Learning styles and technology
Reading – How do you learn best?
“Deniz is a visual learner: she draws mind maps and colourful notes. Kerem is an auditory learner; he records the lessons and listens to them again. Ayşe learns by doing — she prefers experiments and role-plays. Their teacher says: *‘There is no single best style. Try different strategies and use self-assessment to see what works for you.’*”
Classroom activities: a role-play, brainstorming, an interactive quiz, to summarise, to analyse, to define, to conclude
Learning with technology: to log in / log out, to upload, to download, to delete, to click, to access a file, to switch on / off, a homepage, artificial intelligence (AI)
Future: will vs be going to · Possibility: may / might
| will | be going to |
|---|---|
| Decision at the moment of speaking | Plan/intention decided before |
| “The printer isn’t working.” – “I’ll help you.” | I’m going to make a video about AI for the project. |
| Prediction based on opinion | Prediction with evidence |
| I think online lessons will become more common. | Look at those clouds! It’s going to rain. |
Possibility: We may use tablets next term. (≈ %50) · The exam might be online. (daha az emin)
Polite requests: Could you repeat that, please? · Would you mind opening the window? · May I use your charger?
Obligation, advice and reflexive pronouns
| Structure | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| must | Kişisel / güçlü zorunluluk, kural | I must finish my project tonight. Students must wear ID cards. |
| have to | Dışarıdan gelen zorunluluk | We have to submit the homework on the school platform. |
| mustn’t | Yasak | You mustn’t share your password. |
| don’t have to | Gerek yok (yasak değil) | You don’t have to print it; you can upload it. |
| should / shouldn’t | Tavsiye | You should take short breaks while studying. |
| had better (’d better) | Güçlü tavsiye, uyarı | You’d better save your file, or you’ll lose it. |
⚠️ mustn’t ≠ don’t have to
Reflexive pronouns (özne ve nesne aynı kişi): myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
→ I taught myself to code. · Help yourselves to the snacks! · by myself = alone
Kavramlar
- mind map
- zihin haritası
- self-assessment
- öz değerlendirme
- to upload
- yüklemek
- requirement
- gereklilik
- brainstorming
- beyin fırtınası
- will: anlık karar, görüşe dayalı tahmin; be going to: plan, kanıta dayalı tahmin
- may/might: olasılık
- must kişisel/kural, have to dışsal zorunluluk
- mustn’t yasak, don’t have to gerek yok
- should tavsiye, had better güçlü uyarı
- Reflexive: myself, yourself… (özne = nesne)
Örnek soru ve çözümü
Choose: “You _ bring a calculator; the teacher will give you one. But you _ use your phone during the exam — it’s forbidden.”
don’t have to (gerek yok) · mustn’t (yasak).
Çözümlü örnekler
1. “I _ (help) you with the slides.” (anlık karar) Kolay
ÇözümI’ll help you.
2. Complete: “He made the poster by _.” Orta
Çözümhimself.
3. Explain the difference: “You mustn’t come early.” / “You don’t have to come early.” Zor
Çözümİlki yasak bildirir (erken gelme!); ikincisi gerek olmadığını söyler (istersen gelebilirsin).
Sık yapılan hatalar
- mustn’t ile don’t have to’yu aynı sanmak.
- “I will to go” gibi will’den sonra to kullanmak.
- “themself” yerine “themselves” yazmamak.
Biliyor muydun?
The word “brainstorming” was made popular in the 1940s by an advertising manager, Alex Osborn, who believed groups produce more ideas when no one criticises them at first!