Güneş sistemi ve gezegenler, uzay keşfi ve gelecekteki teknolojiler (space tourism, Mars missions, AI, robots); Türkiye’nin uzay çalışmaları (Türkiye Uzay Ajansı, ilk Türk astronot); Zero Conditional ile genel ve bilimsel gerçekler; First Conditional ile gelecekteki olası durumlar; unless; gelecekle ilgili sunum hazırlama.
Our solar system and space exploration
The planets (from the Sun): Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
- Mercury is the closest to the Sun. · Jupiter is the largest planet. · Venus is the hottest. · Mars is called the Red Planet.
Space vocabulary: an orbit, a galaxy, a satellite, a telescope, gravity, an astronaut, a spacecraft, a space station, a rover, to launch
Reading – Türkiye in space:
“In January 2024, Alper Gezeravcı became the first Turkish astronaut when he travelled to the International Space Station and carried out scientific experiments there. Türkiye also has communication satellites such as Türksat, and the Turkish Space Agency plans more missions in the future.”
Zero Conditional
If / When + Present Simple, Present Simple → Her zaman doğru olan genel ve bilimsel gerçekler
- If you heat ice, it melts.
- If there is no atmosphere, there is no wind.
- When the Moon comes between the Sun and the Earth, a solar eclipse happens.
- Water boils at 100 °C if you heat it at sea level.
💡 Zero Conditional’da if yerine when kullanılabilir, anlam değişmez.
First Conditional
If + Present Simple, will / can / may + V1 → Gelecekte gerçekleşmesi olası durumlar ve sonuçları
- If scientists find water on Mars, people will build a base there.
- If you study astronomy, you may become a space engineer.
- We won’t see the stars if it is cloudy tonight.
unless = if… not:
- Unless we protect the planet, future generations will suffer. (= If we don’t protect…)
⚠️ if cümleciğinde will kullanılmaz: If it ~~will rain~~ rains, we’ll stay in.
Presentation – The future: introduce the topic → give 3 predictions (will, may, might) → explain conditions (If…, …will) → conclusion and questions
| Type | If-clause | Main clause | Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zero | Present Simple | Present Simple | facts, always true |
| First | Present Simple | will / can / may + V1 | possible future |
Kavramlar
- orbit
- yörünge
- gravity
- yer çekimi
- to launch
- fırlatmak
- rover
- keşif aracı
- solar eclipse
- güneş tutulması
- Gezegen sırası: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
- Zero Conditional: If + Present, Present (gerçekler)
- First Conditional: If + Present, will + V1 (olası gelecek)
- unless = if not
- if cümleciğinde will kullanılmaz
- Alper Gezeravcı ilk Türk astronot (2024)
Örnek soru ve çözümü
Zero or First? “If you mix blue and yellow, you get green.” / “If we save energy, we will reduce pollution.”
İlki Zero Conditional (her zaman doğru bir gerçek); ikincisi First Conditional (gelecekte olası bir sonuç).
Çözümlü örnekler
1. “If you drop a ball, it _ (fall).” Kolay
Çözümfalls.
2. “If it (be) clear tonight, we (see) Saturn with the telescope.” Orta
Çözümis · will see.
3. Rewrite with unless: “If you don’t wear a spacesuit, you won’t survive in space.” Zor
ÇözümUnless you wear a spacesuit, you won’t survive in space.
Sık yapılan hatalar
- if cümleciğinde will kullanmak.
- unless’ten sonra olumsuz fiil kullanmak (unless you don’t ✗).
- Zero Conditional’ın ana cümlesinde will kullanmak (genel gerçeklerde Present Simple).
Biliyor muydun?
A day on Venus is longer than a year on Venus: it takes the planet about 243 Earth days to spin once, but only about 225 days to orbit the Sun!