Dünyadaki ülkeler, milliyetler, diller ve başkentler; dünya mutfakları ve yemek etkinlikleri; geçmiş zaman (Past Simple) düzenli fiiller; did / didn’t; geçmiş zamanda question tags.
Countries, nationalities and languages
| Country | Capital | Nationality | Language |
|---|---|---|---|
| Türkiye | Ankara | Turkish | Turkish |
| the UK | London | British | English |
| the USA | Washington, D.C. | American | English |
| France | Paris | French | French |
| Germany | Berlin | German | German |
| Italy | Rome | Italian | Italian |
| Spain | Madrid | Spanish | Spanish |
| Japan | Tokyo | Japanese | Japanese |
| China | Beijing | Chinese | Chinese |
| Brazil | Brasília | Brazilian | Portuguese |
| Mexico | Mexico City | Mexican | Spanish |
World cuisine: pizza and pasta (Italy), sushi (Japan), tacos (Mexico), croissant (France), fish and chips (the UK), kebab, baklava, lahmacun (Türkiye)
Past Simple: regular verbs
Past Simple geçmişte başlayıp bitmiş eylemleri anlatır. Düzenli fiillere -ed eklenir:
| Kural | Örnek |
|---|---|
| fiil + -ed | cook → cooked, visit → visited, watch → watched |
| -e ile biten + -d | like → liked, dance → danced |
| ünsüz + y → -ied | study → studied, try → tried |
| ünlü + y → -ed | play → played, enjoy → enjoyed |
| tek heceli, ünsüz-ünlü-ünsüz → çiftle | stop → stopped, plan → planned |
- Last summer we visited Italy. We tasted real Italian pizza.
- Olumsuz: We didn’t visit Rome. (didn’t + yalın fiil)
- Soru: Did you like the food? – Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
| Present | Past |
|---|---|
| cook | cooked |
| like | liked |
| study | studied |
| stop | stopped |
| play | played |
A food festival story
“Last month, our school organised an international food festival. Every class prepared food from a different country. My class decided on Japan. We watched videos and learned how to make sushi. My friend Can cooked rice and I tasted everything. Visitors loved our food! We didn’t expect so many people. It was a wonderful day, wasn’t it?”
Question tags (Past Simple):
- You visited Paris, didn’t you?
- She didn’t like the soup, did she?
- When: Last Friday
- Where: School garden
Kavramlar
- capital
- başkent
- cuisine
- mutfak (yemek kültürü)
- taste
- tatmak
- ingredient
- malzeme
- organise
- düzenlemek
- Ülke, başkent, milliyet ve dil adları büyük harfle
- Past Simple: geçmişte bitmiş eylemler
- Düzenli fiillere -ed eklenir
- study → studied, play → played, stop → stopped
- Olumsuz: didn’t + yalın fiil
- Soru: Did + özne + yalın fiil?
Örnek soru ve çözümü
“Geçen yaz Fransa’yı ziyaret ettik ama Paris’te kalmadık.” cümlesini İngilizceye çeviriniz.
Last summer we visited France, but we didn’t stay in Paris.
Çözümlü örnekler
1. “study” fiilinin geçmiş hâli nedir? Kolay
Çözümstudied.
2. “Did she cook dinner?” sorusuna olumsuz kısa cevap veriniz. Orta
ÇözümNo, she didn’t.
3. “They played basketball, _?” question tag nedir? Zor
Çözümdidn’t they?
Sık yapılan hatalar
- didn’t’ten sonra fiile -ed eklemek (didn’t visited ✗).
- “plaied” yazmak (played).
- “stoped” yazmak (stopped).
Biliyor muydun?
Türkçedeki “yoğurt” kelimesi neredeyse bütün dünya dillerine geçmiştir: İngilizcede “yoghurt”, Fransızcada “yaourt”!