Okuldaki roller, sorumluluklar ve rutinler; geniş zaman (Present Simple); sıklık zarfları; kişi zamirleri; a/an/the; emir cümleleri; 100–500 arası sayılar ve 1–50 sıra sayıları.
School roles and routines
Roles at school: headteacher, teacher, student, class president, school counsellor, librarian, cleaner, cook
Responsibilities: keep the classroom clean, follow the rules, help friends, be on time, respect teachers
Present Simple (geniş zaman) – routines and facts:
- We start school at 8.30. / Our English lessons are on Monday and Thursday.
- The class president helps the teacher.
- Does the library open on Saturdays? – No, it doesn’t.
⚠️ 3. tekil şahıs (he/she/it) ile fiile -s / -es / -ies gelir: works, watches, tidies.
Adverbs of frequency and How often
| Adverb | % |
|---|---|
| always | 100 |
| usually | 80 |
| often | 60 |
| sometimes | 40 |
| rarely / seldom | 10 |
| never | 0 |
- I always do my homework. (fiilden önce)
- She is never late. (be’den sonra)
- How often do you go to the library? → Once a week / twice a month / every day
Word order: subject + adverb + verb + object + place + time
→ I usually read books in the library after school.
Personal pronouns, articles and imperatives
Personal (subject) pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, they
- Mr Aydın is our teacher. He teaches Maths.
- Elif and I are in the drama club. We practise on Fridays.
Articles:
- a / an: herhangi biri (a school club, an eraser)
- the: belirli olan (the school canteen, the first lesson)
Imperatives: Raise your hand. / Don’t run in the corridors. / Please be quiet.
Numbers and ordinal numbers
Cardinal numbers 100–500: 100 one hundred · 150 one hundred and fifty · 275 two hundred and seventy-five · 500 five hundred
Ordinal numbers 1st–50th (sıra sayıları):
| 1st first | 2nd second | 3rd third | 4th fourth | 5th fifth |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8th eighth | 9th ninth | 12th twelfth | 20th twentieth | 21st twenty-first |
| 22nd twenty-second | 23rd twenty-third | 30th thirtieth | 40th fortieth | 50th fiftieth |
- My birthday is on the 23rd of April.
- Our classroom is on the second floor.
- National Sovereignty and Children’s Day is on the twenty-third of April.
Kavramlar
- counsellor
- rehber öğretmen
- responsibility
- sorumluluk
- once a week
- haftada bir
- floor
- kat
- librarian
- kütüphaneci
- Present Simple: rutinler ve gerçekler
- He/She/It ile fiile -s
- Sıklık zarfları fiilden önce, be’den sonra
- How often ile sıklık sorulur
- Subject pronouns: I, you, he, she, it, we, they
- Sıra sayıları: first, second, third, twenty-first
Örnek soru ve çözümü
“Sınıf başkanımız genellikle öğretmene yardım eder.” cümlesini İngilizceye çeviriniz.
Our class president usually helps the teacher.
Çözümlü örnekler
1. “3rd” nasıl okunur? Kolay
Çözümthird.
2. “She _ (tidy) her desk every day.” Orta
Çözümtidies (y → ies).
3. Kelimeleri sıraya koyunuz: “after school / always / in the park / play / we / football” Zor
ÇözümWe always play football in the park after school.
Sık yapılan hatalar
- “twoth” gibi sıra sayısı uydurmak (second).
- Zarfı fiilden sonraya koymak.
- 275’i “two hundred seventy five” diye “and” olmadan söylemek (İngiliz İngilizcesinde “and” kullanılır).
Biliyor muydun?
“Fifth”, “twelfth” gibi sıra sayılarında “ve” sesi “f” sesine dönüşür. Bu yüzden “fiveth” değil “fifth” yazılır!