Çevre sorunları (hava, su, toprak kirliliği, küresel ısınma, ormansızlaşma); neden-sonuç bildirme (because, so, because of); should / shouldn’t ve must / mustn’t ile öneri ve zorunluluk; 3R (reduce, reuse, recycle); sayısal bilgi içeren çevre afişleri.
Environmental problems
| Problem | Cause (neden) | Result (sonuç) |
|---|---|---|
| air pollution | factories, cars, burning coal | breathing problems, acid rain |
| water pollution | chemicals, rubbish in rivers and seas | fish die, unsafe drinking water |
| soil pollution | pesticides, plastic waste | unhealthy food |
| global warming | greenhouse gases | glaciers melt, sea levels rise |
| deforestation | cutting down trees, forest fires | animals lose their homes, floods |
| noise pollution | traffic, construction | stress, headaches |
Cause & effect:
- Many fish die because factories pour chemicals into rivers.
- People cut down trees, so animals lose their homes.
- Glaciers are melting because of global warming. (because of + isim)
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
| 3R | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Reduce | daha az kullan | Turn off the lights. Take shorter showers. |
| Reuse | yeniden kullan | Use glass jars again. Use cloth bags. |
| Recycle | geri dönüştür | Put paper, glass and plastic in recycling bins. |
How long does rubbish stay in nature? (yaklaşık değerler)
- paper: 2–6 weeks · plastic bag: 10–20 years · aluminium can: 200 years · plastic bottle: 450 years · glass bottle: 1 million years
should / must for solutions
should / shouldn’t (öneri):
- We should use public transport.
- We shouldn’t waste water.
must / mustn’t (güçlü zorunluluk / yasak):
- Factories must clean their waste water.
- You mustn’t throw rubbish into the sea.
Our school’s eco-project:
“Last month we started a zero-waste project. We put recycling bins in every classroom. We collected 200 kg of paper and sent it to a recycling centre. Now we are planting trees in the school garden. Everyone should join!”
- Reduce: Bring your own bottle.
- Reuse: Use both sides of paper.
- Recycle: Use the blue bins.
Kavramlar
- pollution
- kirlilik
- greenhouse gas
- sera gazı
- glacier
- buzul
- waste
- atık; israf etmek
- pesticide
- tarım ilacı
- Air, water, soil and noise pollution; global warming; deforestation
- because + cümle, because of + isim, so + sonuç
- Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
- should / shouldn’t → öneri
- must / mustn’t → zorunluluk / yasak
- Plastik şişe doğada yaklaşık 450 yıl kalır
Örnek soru ve çözümü
Grafiğe göre hangi atık doğada en uzun süre kalır? Bu bilgiyle “so” kullanarak bir öneri cümlesi yazınız.
Plastic bottles stay in nature for about 450 years, so we should recycle them.
Çözümlü örnekler
1. “Use cloth bags again and again.” hangi R’ye örnektir? Kolay
ÇözümReuse.
2. “The air is dirty _ of the factories.” Orta
Çözümbecause (because of + isim).
3. “Buzullar eriyor çünkü dünya ısınıyor; bu yüzden enerji tasarrufu yapmalıyız.” cümlesini İngilizceye çeviriniz. Zor
ÇözümGlaciers are melting because the Earth is getting warmer, so we should save energy.
Sık yapılan hatalar
- “because of” ardından cümle getirmek (because of the factories pollute ✗).
- “We should to recycle” demek.
- mustn’t ile don’t have to’yu karıştırmak.
Biliyor muydun?
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