Güneş sistemi ve gezegenler; gezegenlerle ilgili bilimsel gerçekler (Present Simple); karşılaştırma ve en üstünlük (bigger than, the hottest); büyük sayılar ve ölçüler; uzay keşifleri ve Türkiye’nin uzay çalışmaları hakkında okuma.
The Solar System
The Solar System has eight planets. They orbit (go around) the Sun.
| Planet | Facts |
|---|---|
| Mercury | the closest to the Sun, the smallest planet |
| Venus | the hottest planet (about 465 °C), the brightest in the night sky |
| Earth | the only planet with liquid water on its surface and life (as far as we know) |
| Mars | “the Red Planet”, has got two moons |
| Jupiter | the biggest planet, has got the Great Red Spot (a giant storm) |
| Saturn | famous for its beautiful rings |
| Uranus | rotates on its side |
| Neptune | the farthest from the Sun, very windy and cold |
Inner planets (rocky): Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars · Outer planets (gas & ice giants): Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Comparing planets
- Jupiter is bigger than Earth. In fact, it is the biggest planet.
- Venus is hotter than Mercury, although Mercury is closer to the Sun.
- Neptune is farther from the Sun than Uranus.
- A day on Venus is longer than a year on Venus!
Big numbers:
- 1,000 → one thousand · 1,000,000 → one million · 1,000,000,000 → one billion
- The Sun is about 150 million kilometres from Earth.
- Light from the Sun takes about 8 minutes to reach Earth.
| Planet | Moons (2025) | Day length |
|---|---|---|
| Earth | 1 | 24 hours |
| Mars | 2 | 24.6 hours |
| Jupiter | 97 | 10 hours |
| Saturn | 274 | 10.7 hours |
Reading: Türkiye and space
“Türkiye established the Turkish Space Agency in 2018. In January 2024, Alper Gezeravcı became the first Turkish astronaut to travel to space. He stayed on the International Space Station (ISS) and did many scientific experiments. Later, Tuva Cihangir Atasever flew to space in 2024 as well. Türkiye also sends its own satellites into space, such as Türksat 6A, which was made in Türkiye. Maybe one day you will be an astronaut too!”
Kavramlar
- orbit
- yörüngede dönmek
- surface
- yüzey
- satellite
- uydu
- rocky
- kayalık
- billion
- milyar
- Eight planets orbit the Sun
- Mercury the closest, Neptune the farthest
- Jupiter the biggest, Venus the hottest
- Inner planets rocky, outer planets gas/ice giants
- Büyük sayılar: thousand, million, billion
- Alper Gezeravcı: ilk Türk astronot (2024)
Örnek soru ve çözümü
Tabloya göre en çok uydusu olan gezegen hangisidir? Mars ile Dünya’yı uydu sayısına göre karşılaştırınız.
| Planet | Moons (2025) |
|---|---|
| Earth | 1 |
| Mars | 2 |
| Jupiter | 97 |
| Saturn | 274 |
Saturn has got the most moons. Mars has got more moons than Earth.
Çözümlü örnekler
1. Hangi gezegen “the Red Planet” olarak bilinir? Kolay
ÇözümMars.
2. “Mercury is _ (close) to the Sun than Venus.” Orta
Çözümcloser.
3. Merkür Güneş’e daha yakın olmasına rağmen neden Venüs daha sıcaktır? (İngilizce kısa cevap) Zor
ÇözümBecause Venus has got a thick atmosphere. It keeps the heat.
Sık yapılan hatalar
- Güneş’i bir gezegen sanmak (it is a star).
- “the most big planet” demek (the biggest).
- “million” sayısını çoğul yapmak (150 millions ✗ → 150 million).
Biliyor muydun?
Satürn’ün yoğunluğu sudan azdır; çok büyük bir küvet bulabilseydik Satürn suyun üstünde yüzerdi!