Doğal afetler (deprem, sel, çığ, kasırga, orman yangını, heyelan, tsunami, volkan); afetlerin nedenleri ve sonuçları; Passive (is caused by); will / might ile tahmin; If … will (1. tip koşul); afet öncesi, sırası ve sonrası güvenlik kuralları; afet çantası.
Natural disasters: causes and results
| Disaster | Cause | Possible results |
|---|---|---|
| earthquake (deprem) | movement of tectonic plates | buildings collapse, injuries |
| flood (sel) | heavy rain, overflowing rivers | houses and roads are damaged |
| avalanche (çığ) | heavy snow on steep slopes | roads are blocked, people are trapped |
| landslide (heyelan) | heavy rain, earthquakes | roads and houses are destroyed |
| forest fire / wildfire | heat, drought, carelessness | forests and animals are lost |
| hurricane / typhoon | warm ocean water, strong winds | trees fall, electricity is cut |
| tsunami | undersea earthquake | coastal towns are flooded |
| volcanic eruption | magma rising | lava and ash cover towns |
| drought (kuraklık) | no rain for a long time | crops die, water shortage |
Passive: Tsunamis are caused by undersea earthquakes. / Many houses were damaged in the flood. / Electricity was cut after the storm.
Predictions and conditionals
will / won’t / might (tahmin):
- There will probably be heavy rain tomorrow.
- Scientists say an earthquake might happen in this region. (olabilir – emin değil)
- Global warming will cause more droughts.
First conditional: If + Present Simple, … will + V1
- If it rains heavily, the river will overflow.
- If we cut down the forests, there will be more floods and landslides.
- If an earthquake happens, you should drop, cover and hold on.
- We won’t be safe if we don’t prepare an emergency kit.
If it rains a lot, there will be floods.
If we don’t prepare, we will be in danger.
If you feel an earthquake, drop, cover and hold on!
Safety: before, during and after a disaster
Before:
- Prepare an emergency kit: water, food, a torch, batteries, a first-aid kit, a whistle, copies of documents, a power bank.
- Fix heavy furniture to the walls. / Decide on a meeting point with your family.
During an earthquake: Drop, cover and hold on! Stay away from windows. Don’t use the lift. If you are outside, move away from buildings.
After: Check for injuries. Listen to official announcements. Don’t enter damaged buildings. Use the phone only for emergencies. (Emergency number in Türkiye: 112)
💡 AFAD (Disaster and Emergency Management Authority) organises drills and trainings. Türkiye is located on active fault lines, so we must always be prepared.
Kavramlar
- avalanche
- çığ
- landslide
- heyelan
- collapse
- çökmek
- emergency kit
- afet/acil durum çantası
- fault line
- fay hattı
- Afetler: earthquake, flood, avalanche, landslide, wildfire, tsunami
- is/are caused by: … tarafından neden olunur
- will tahmin; might zayıf olasılık
- First conditional: If + present, will + V1
- Depremde: Drop, cover and hold on!
- Afet çantası: water, torch, first-aid kit, whistle
Örnek soru ve çözümü
“Çok yağmur yağarsa nehir taşacak ve yollar kapanacak.” cümlesini First Conditional ile yazınız.
If it rains a lot, the river will overflow and the roads will be closed.
Çözümlü örnekler
1. Dik yamaçlardan aşağı kayan büyük kar kütlesine ne denir? Kolay
Çözümavalanche.
2. “Tsunamis _ (cause) by undersea earthquakes.” Orta
Çözümare caused.
3. “If you (not / prepare) an emergency kit, you (have) problems after a disaster.” Zor
Çözümdon’t prepare, will have.
Sık yapılan hatalar
- If cümlesinde will kullanmak (If it will rain ✗).
- “caused from” demek (caused by).
- Deprem sırasında asansör kullanmak veya merdivene koşmak.
Biliyor muydun?
Türkiye’nin yaklaşık %95’i deprem bölgesindedir. Bu yüzden 1999’dan bu yana yapılan binalarda deprem yönetmeliği çok önemlidir!