İlham veren hayat hikâyeleri ve biyografiler (Aziz Sancar, Cahit Arf, Malala Yousafzai, Naim Süleymanoğlu); Present Perfect Simple (have/has + V3) ile tamamlanmış deneyim ve sonuçlar; Present Perfect Continuous (have/has been + V-ing) ile geçmişte başlayıp hâlâ süren veya yeni biten eylemler; for, since, how long, already, yet, just, ever, never; Past Simple ile karşılaştırma; biyografi yazma.
Inspiring life stories
Reading – A scientist’s journey:
“Aziz Sancar was born in Savur, Mardin, in 1946. He studied medicine in İstanbul and later moved to the USA to research DNA repair. In 2015, he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Since then, he has given many talks to young people and has been encouraging them to follow science. He has also donated his Nobel medal to the Atatürk Mausoleum (Anıtkabir).”
Other lives: Cahit Arf (mathematician; Arf invariant, on the 10 TL banknote), Malala Yousafzai (education activist, youngest Nobel Peace laureate), Naim Süleymanoğlu (“Pocket Hercules”, Olympic weightlifting champion)
Vocabulary: achieve, overcome difficulties, be awarded, dedicate one’s life to, a role model, an obstacle, determination
Present Perfect Simple vs Continuous
| Present Perfect Simple | Present Perfect Continuous | |
|---|---|---|
| Form | have/has + V3 | have/has been + V-ing |
| Focus | Result, completed actions, how many | Duration, ongoing activity, how long |
| Example | She has written three books. | She has been writing books for 20 years. |
| Example | I’ve painted the room. (it’s finished) | I’ve been painting the room. (I’m tired, paint on my hands) |
for + period (for two hours) · since + starting point (since 2015) · How long have you been learning English?
⚠️ Stative verbs (know, like, own) → Present Perfect Simple: I have known him for years. (✗ have been knowing)
Present Perfect vs Past Simple; writing a biography
| Present Perfect | Past Simple |
|---|---|
| Time not stated or connected to now | Finished time in the past |
| He has won many medals. | He won a gold medal in 1988. |
| ever, never, already, yet, just, so far | yesterday, ago, in 2015, when he was young |
Writing – A short biography:
- Introduction: Name, nationality, profession, why they are famous
- Early life: Birth, family, education (Past Simple)
- Career and achievements: Important events and awards (Past Simple)
- Today / legacy: Influence on others (Present Perfect / Continuous)
- Conclusion: Why they are a role model for you
Linkers: in (year), at the age of, later, after that, eventually, since then
Kavramlar
- achievement
- başarı
- overcome
- üstesinden gelmek
- role model
- örnek kişi
- determination
- kararlılık
- be awarded
- ödüllendirilmek
- Present Perfect Simple: have/has + V3 → sonuç, kaç tane
- Present Perfect Continuous: have/has been + V-ing → süre, devam eden
- for süre, since başlangıç noktası
- Stative fiiller continuous olmaz
- Belirli geçmiş zaman → Past Simple
- Biyografi: Past Simple + Present Perfect
Örnek soru ve çözümü
Zaman şeridine göre doğru zamanı seçiniz: “Aziz Sancar _ (win) the Nobel Prize in 2015. Since then, he _ (inspire) young scientists.”
won (in 2015 → Past Simple) · has been inspiring (since then → Present Perfect Continuous).
Çözümlü örnekler
1. “I _ (know) her since primary school.” Kolay
Çözümhave known (stative).
2. “How long you (wait)?” – “For half an hour.” Orta
Çözümhave / been waiting.
3. Explain: “She has read the book.” / “She has been reading the book.” Zor
Çözümİlki kitabı bitirdiğini; ikincisi okumaya bir süredir devam ettiğini (henüz bitmemiş olabilir) anlatır.
Sık yapılan hatalar
- Present Perfect ile “in 2015” kullanmak.
- “I have been knowing” demek.
- for ile since’i karıştırmak.
Biliyor muydun?
Aziz Sancar donated his Nobel Prize medal and certificate to Anıtkabir, saying he owed his success to the opportunities given by the Republic!