Haber dili ve haber türleri (headline, breaking news, reporter, eyewitness, source, fake news); haber okuma ve haberin kaynağını sorgulama; olay anlatımında Past Simple ve Past Continuous (when / while), Past Perfect; dolaylı anlatım (reported speech): say ve tell, zaman kaydırma (backshift), zaman ve yer ifadelerinin değişimi (today → that day, here → there), dolaylı sorular (asked if / whether, asked where…), emir ve ricaların aktarılması (told / asked + to + V1); bir haber metni yazma.
News and narrative tenses
Reading – Breaking news:
“A brave teenager saved a family from a fire in Bursa last night. The family was sleeping when the fire broke out in the kitchen. Ahmet Yılmaz, 17, was walking home from the library when he noticed smoke coming from the building. He called the fire brigade and helped the family escape. By the time the firefighters arrived, everyone had left the building safely. ‘I just did what anyone would do,’ Ahmet said.”
Narrative tenses:
- Past Continuous (was/were + V-ing): Arka planda devam eden eylem → The family was sleeping…
- Past Simple: Arka planı kesen ana olay → …when the fire broke out.
- Past Perfect (had + V3): Daha önce tamamlanmış eylem → Everyone had left before the firefighters arrived.
News vocabulary: headline, breaking news, reporter, journalist, eyewitness, source, interview, quote, fake news, fact-check
Reported speech
say vs tell: She said (that)… · She told me (that)… → tell’den sonra kişi gelir.
Backshift (zaman kaydırma): present → past · present perfect → past perfect · past → past perfect · will → would · can → could · must → had to
Time and place: today → that day · tomorrow → the next day / the following day · yesterday → the day before · now → then · here → there · this → that
Questions: Soru düz cümle sırasına girer.
- “Where do you live?” → He asked me where I lived.
- “Are you OK?” → She asked if / whether I was OK.
Commands and requests: told / asked + object + (not) to + V1
- “Close the door.” → He told me to close the door.
- “Please don’t shout.” → She asked us not to shout.
| Direct speech | Reported speech |
|---|---|
| “I am tired.” | She said (that) she was tired. |
| “I have finished.” | He said he had finished. |
| “I will call you.” | She told me she would call me. |
| “Where do you live?” | He asked me where I lived. |
| “Are you coming?” | She asked if I was coming. |
| “Don’t be late.” | The teacher told us not to be late. |
Writing a news report
Structure of a news report:
- Headline: Short and catchy → “Teen Hero Saves Family from Fire”
- Lead (first paragraph): Who? What? Where? When? → the most important facts
- Body: Details, background, quotes from eyewitnesses (reported speech)
- Ending: Current situation or what will happen next
Example body: “A neighbour said that she had heard a loud noise. Firefighters told reporters that the fire had started because of a faulty heater. The mayor asked citizens to check their electrical devices.”
Media literacy – Is it fake news?
- Check the source: Is it a reliable news organisation?
- Look for evidence and quotes from real people
- Compare with other sources (fact-checking websites)
- Be careful with shocking headlines and old photos shared as new
Kavramlar
- headline
- manşet
- eyewitness
- görgü tanığı
- breaking news
- son dakika haberi
- fake news
- sahte haber
- quote
- alıntı
- Past Continuous arka plan, Past Simple ana olay (when / while)
- Past Perfect: daha önce tamamlanmış eylem
- say (that)…; tell + kişi + (that)…
- Backshift: is → was, will → would, has done → had done
- Questions: asked if / whether; asked where I lived (düz sıra)
- Commands: told / asked + someone + (not) to + V1
Örnek soru ve çözümü
Tabloya göre şu cümleleri dolaylı anlatıma çeviriniz: (1) “I will help you,” he said to me. (2) “Do you like news programmes?” she asked me.
| Direct speech | Reported speech |
|---|---|
| “I am tired.” | She said (that) she was tired. |
| “I have finished.” | He said he had finished. |
| “I will call you.” | She told me she would call me. |
| “Where do you live?” | He asked me where I lived. |
| “Are you coming?” | She asked if I was coming. |
| “Don’t be late.” | The teacher told us not to be late. |
(1) He told me (that) he would help me. (2) She asked me if / whether I liked news programmes.
Çözümlü örnekler
1. Choose: “He _ (said / told) me that he was busy.” Kolay
Çözümtold.
2. Report: “I can’t come tomorrow,” Ayşe said. Orta
ÇözümAyşe said (that) she couldn’t come the next day.
3. Complete with the correct tenses: “While I (watch) the news, the power (go) out.” Zor
Çözümwas watching · went.
Sık yapılan hatalar
- “He said me…” demek (doğrusu He told me… / He said to me…).
- Dolaylı soruda soru sırasını korumak (She asked where did I live ✗).
- Emirleri aktarırken that kullanmak (He told me that close the door ✗).
Biliyor muydun?
The first newspaper headlines were very long; short, catchy headlines became popular only when newspapers started competing for readers on the street!