Yenilenebilir ve yenilenemez enerji kaynakları (solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, biomass; coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear); iklim değişikliği, karbon ayak izi ve enerji tasarrufu; koşul cümleleri: Type 0 (genel doğrular), Type 1 (gerçek olasılık), Type 2 (şimdiki ve gelecekteki hayalî durumlar, If I were…), Type 3 (geçmişe yönelik hayalî durumlar ve pişmanlık); unless ve wish yapıları; enerji tasarrufu önerileri sunma; bir kampanya metni ya da kısa makale yazma.
Renewable and non-renewable energy
Reading – Powering the future:
“Most of the world’s electricity still comes from fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas. Burning them releases carbon dioxide, which contributes to global warming. Renewable sources like solar, wind, hydroelectric and geothermal energy are cleaner and will never run out. Türkiye has great potential: it gets plenty of sunshine, has strong winds on its coasts and is one of the world’s leading countries in geothermal power. If every home used solar panels, we would reduce our carbon footprint dramatically.”
Vocabulary: renewable, non-renewable, fossil fuels, solar panel, wind turbine, dam, geothermal plant, biomass, emissions, carbon footprint, energy-efficient, run out, reduce, consume, sustainable
Conditionals
Type 2 – Hayalî durum (şimdi / gelecek): If + Past Simple, would + V1
- If I had enough money, I would buy an electric car.
- If I were the president, I would invest in wind energy. (were tüm kişilerle)
Type 3 – Geçmişe yönelik hayalî durum: If + Past Perfect, would have + V3
- If we had started using renewables earlier, we would have prevented a lot of pollution.
- If she hadn’t left the lights on, the bill wouldn’t have been so high.
unless = if… not: Unless we save energy, we will face shortages.
wish: I wish we used more solar energy. (şimdi) · I wish I had recycled more. (geçmiş pişmanlık)
| Type | Form | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Type 0 | If + present, present | Genel doğrular | If you heat ice, it melts. |
| Type 1 | If + present, will + V1 | Gerçek olası durum | If we use solar panels, we will save money. |
| Type 2 | If + past, would + V1 | Şimdiki/gelecekteki hayalî durum | If I had a big roof, I would install solar panels. |
| Type 3 | If + past perfect, would have + V3 | Geçmişe yönelik hayalî durum, pişmanlık | If we had invested earlier, we would have saved more energy. |
Saving energy and making a campaign
Saving energy at home and school:
- Turn off the lights and electronic devices when you leave a room.
- Use energy-efficient LED bulbs and A+++ appliances.
- Walk, cycle or use public transport instead of driving.
- Insulate buildings to keep the heat in.
- Install solar water heaters on roofs.
Writing – A campaign leaflet:
“Switch Off, Save the Planet!
Did you know that if every student turned off their computer at night, our school would save thousands of kilowatt-hours a year? Unless we change our habits now, our children will pay the price. If we had acted sooner, many forests would have survived wildfires. It’s not too late – join our energy team today!”
Debate phrases: I believe renewable energy is the key because… · On the other hand, solar panels are expensive to install… · In conclusion, …
Kavramlar
- renewable
- yenilenebilir
- fossil fuel
- fosil yakıt
- carbon footprint
- karbon ayak izi
- energy-efficient
- enerji verimli
- run out
- tükenmek
- Renewable: solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, biomass; fossil fuels non-renewable
- Type 1: If + present, will + V1 (gerçek olasılık)
- Type 2: If + past, would + V1 (hayalî şimdi); If I were…
- Type 3: If + past perfect, would have + V3 (geçmiş, pişmanlık)
- unless = if… not
- wish + past (şimdi); wish + past perfect (geçmiş)
Örnek soru ve çözümü
Tabloya göre şu durumlar için birer koşul cümlesi kurunuz: (1) Evinizde güneş paneli yok (hayalî durum). (2) Geçen yıl enerji tasarrufu yapmadınız ve fatura yüksek geldi.
| Type | Form | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Type 0 | If + present, present | Genel doğrular | If you heat ice, it melts. |
| Type 1 | If + present, will + V1 | Gerçek olası durum | If we use solar panels, we will save money. |
| Type 2 | If + past, would + V1 | Şimdiki/gelecekteki hayalî durum | If I had a big roof, I would install solar panels. |
| Type 3 | If + past perfect, would have + V3 | Geçmişe yönelik hayalî durum, pişmanlık | If we had invested earlier, we would have saved more energy. |
(1) Type 2: “If we had solar panels, we would pay less for electricity.” (2) Type 3: “If we had saved energy last year, our bill wouldn’t have been so high.”
Çözümlü örnekler
1. Complete: “If I _ (be) you, I would turn off the lights.” Kolay
Çözümwere.
2. Complete: “If they _ (build) the wind farm, the town would have had cheaper electricity.” Orta
Çözümhad built.
3. Rewrite with “unless”: “If we don’t reduce emissions, the climate will get worse.” Zor
ÇözümUnless we reduce emissions, the climate will get worse.
Sık yapılan hatalar
- Type 2’de if cümlesinde would kullanmak (If I would have ✗).
- Type 3’te “would have went” demek (would have gone ✓).
- unless ile olumsuz fiil kullanmak (Unless we don’t ✗).
Biliyor muydun?
The amount of sunlight that reaches the Earth in about one and a half hours could, in theory, power the whole world for a year!