Mahalle ve şehir hayatı; şehirdeki yerler ve hizmetler; sosyal etkinlikler ve gönüllülük; there is/are ve yer edatları; yol tarifi; planlanmış eylemler (be going to) ile anlık kararlar ve tahminler (will) arasındaki fark; kanıta dayalı tahmin.
City life and places
Places: town hall, community centre, public library, shopping mall, pedestrian zone, bike lane, recycling point, playground, sports complex, pharmacy, bus terminal
City problems: traffic jams, noise pollution, lack of green areas, overcrowding · Solutions: public transport, cycle paths, parks, volunteering
Describing a neighbourhood:
“There is a small park opposite our building and there are two bakeries next to the mosque. There isn’t a cinema, but there are plenty of cafés along the main street.”
Directions: Go straight ahead · Turn left at the traffic lights · It’s on the corner of … · It’s between the bank and the post office · Go past the school · Take the second right
will vs be going to
| be going to | will |
|---|---|
| Önceden yapılmış plan | Konuşma anında verilen karar |
| We’re going to plant trees in the park on Sunday. | – The bin is full. – OK, I’ll take it out. |
| Kanıta dayalı tahmin (şimdi gördüğüm bir işaret var) | Görüşe dayalı tahmin (I think, probably…) |
| Look at the traffic! We’re going to be late. | I think the new mall will be popular. |
| Söz, teklif, rica: I’ll help you. / Will you hold the door? |
Negative: won’t / am not going to · Question: Will you…? / Are you going to…?
Tags: You’re going to volunteer, aren’t you? · It will rain, won’t it?
Kavramlar
- municipality
- belediye
- pedestrian zone
- yaya bölgesi
- volunteer
- gönüllü
- litter
- çöp
- community centre
- halk merkezi
- there is + tekil/sayılamayan, there are + çoğul
- Yer edatları: opposite, next to, between, on the corner of
- be going to: plan ve kanıta dayalı tahmin
- will: anlık karar, görüşe dayalı tahmin, söz, teklif
- won’t = will not
- Volunteer phrases: take part in, make a difference
Örnek soru ve çözümü
Choose will or be going to: “– The phone is ringing! – I _ answer it.” / “Look at those dark clouds! It _ rain.”
“I’ll answer it” (instant decision – will). “It’s going to rain” (evidence – be going to).
Çözümlü örnekler
1. Haritaya göre otobüs durağının hemen sağında ne vardır? Kolay
The community centre.
2. “We have already bought the paint. We _ (paint) the benches on Sunday.” Orta
Çözümare going to paint (plan).
3. Make an offer and a promise with will. Zor
ÇözümOffer: I’ll carry the bags for you. Promise: I won’t be late again, I promise.
Sık yapılan hatalar
- Using will for decisions made before speaking.
- “There is many cafés.” (There are many cafés.)
- “I’m going to answer” for an instant decision.
Biliyor muydun?
Some cities, like Pontevedra in Spain, closed most of their centre to cars; children now walk to school alone and the air is much cleaner!