Teknolojinin hayatımızdaki yeri (smartphones, artificial intelligence, robots, 3D printing, smart homes, driverless cars), teknolojinin avantaj ve dezavantajları, dijital güvenlik ve sorumlu kullanım; edilgen yapı (passive voice): ne zaman kullanılır, by + agent, Present Simple, Past Simple, Present Perfect, Present Continuous, Future ve modal fiillerle edilgen; icat ve buluşları edilgen yapıyla anlatma; teknolojik bir ürünü tanıtma ve tartışma metni yazma.
Technology in our lives
Reading – Living in a smart world:
“Technology is changing the way we live, learn and work. Today, smart homes are controlled by voice commands, 3D printers are used to make everything from toys to artificial organs, and artificial intelligence has been integrated into many apps we use daily. In the near future, driverless cars will be seen on our streets. However, technology also brings risks: personal data can be stolen, and too much screen time is linked to sleep problems.”
Vocabulary: device, gadget, app, artificial intelligence (AI), robot, drone, 3D printer, smart home, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), data, privacy, cyberbullying, digital footprint, invent, develop, launch, update, download
Passive voice in different tenses
Passive voice: Eylemi yapan değil, eylemden etkilenen önemli olduğunda ya da yapan bilinmediğinde kullanılır.
Form: be (zamana göre) + V3 · yapan önemliyse by + agent
- Active: Engineers design robots. → Passive: Robots are designed (by engineers).
- The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.
- Question: Was the app developed in Türkiye? · Negative: The data hasn’t been deleted.
💡 Yapan belli değilse ya da önemsizse by kullanılmaz: My bike was stolen.
| Tense | Passive form | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | am/is/are + V3 | Millions of messages are sent every day. |
| Past Simple | was/were + V3 | The first smartphone was introduced in the 1990s. |
| Present Perfect | has/have been + V3 | A new app has been developed. |
| Present Continuous | am/is/are being + V3 | The software is being updated. |
| Future (will) | will be + V3 | Driverless cars will be used widely. |
| Modal | can/must/should be + V3 | Passwords should be changed regularly. |
Inventions and digital responsibility
Talking about inventions (Past Simple passive):
- The World Wide Web was invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989.
- The first Turkish-made electric car brand was introduced in the 2020s.
- Penicillin was discovered by accident.
Advantages and disadvantages:
| Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|
| Information can be accessed instantly | Personal data can be misused |
| Diseases are diagnosed earlier | Some jobs are being replaced by robots |
| People are connected worldwide | Screen addiction, cyberbullying |
Digital responsibility: Passwords should be changed regularly · Personal information mustn’t be shared with strangers · Fake news should be checked before it is shared
Writing – For and against essay: Introduction → advantages (Firstly, … Moreover, …) → disadvantages (On the other hand, … However, …) → conclusion (In conclusion, I believe…)
Kavramlar
- device
- cihaz
- privacy
- gizlilik
- launch
- piyasaya sürmek
- artificial intelligence
- yapay zekâ
- digital footprint
- dijital ayak izi
- Passive: be + V3; eylemden etkilenen önemliyse
- by + agent yalnızca yapan önemliyse
- Present: is/are + V3; Past: was/were + V3
- Present Perfect: has/have been + V3; Continuous: is being + V3
- Future: will be + V3; Modal: should/can be + V3
- AI, 3D printing, smart home, privacy, digital footprint
Örnek soru ve çözümü
Tabloya göre şu etken cümleleri edilgen yapın: (1) “People send millions of messages every day.” (2) “They will use robots in hospitals.” (3) “Someone has updated the software.”
| Tense | Passive form | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | am/is/are + V3 | Millions of messages are sent every day. |
| Past Simple | was/were + V3 | The first smartphone was introduced in the 1990s. |
| Present Perfect | has/have been + V3 | A new app has been developed. |
| Present Continuous | am/is/are being + V3 | The software is being updated. |
| Future (will) | will be + V3 | Driverless cars will be used widely. |
| Modal | can/must/should be + V3 | Passwords should be changed regularly. |
(1) Millions of messages are sent every day. (2) Robots will be used in hospitals. (3) The software has been updated.
Çözümlü örnekler
1. Make passive: “They make phones in this factory.” Kolay
ÇözümPhones are made in this factory.
2. Make passive: “Engineers are testing the new drone.” Orta
ÇözümThe new drone is being tested (by engineers).
3. Make passive: “You should protect your personal data.” Zor
ÇözümYour personal data should be protected.
Sık yapılan hatalar
- Edilgen yapıda be fiilini unutmak (The app developed in 2020 ✗ → was developed).
- Her edilgen cümlede by kullanmak.
- V3 yerine V2 kullanmak (was wrote ✗ → was written).
Biliyor muydun?
The first computer “bug” was a real moth found inside a computer in 1947; engineers taped it into their logbook!